What is phase 2 detoxification

There are various mechanisms in the body for detoxification or the breakdown of harmful substances. The detoxification function in the body takes place in 3 phases. The organism makes use of a series of highly specific enzymes. Organs such as the liver or kidneys, which are particularly intensively involved in detoxification, have the highest enzyme density.

Phase 1 detoxification: In this phase, chemical compounds are converted into a more easily degradable form. Foreign substances such as medicines, plasticizers, solvents and pesticides are broken down by enzymes and prepared for detoxification phase 2.

Phase 2 detoxification: In this phase, the metabolites from phase 1 are further processed and converted into mainly water-soluble compounds so that they can be better excreted. As the resulting substances from phase 1 can sometimes even be more harmful than their original substance, a seamless transition between the phases of detoxification is important.

Phase 2 focuses on special endogenous compounds such as glutathione, amino acids, sulphur or glycine, which are bound to the substance to be excreted. So-called conjugates (compounds) are formed, which are far less toxic than the original substances.

Phase 2 detoxification therefore plays an important role in protecting our body from the harmful effects of pollutants.

Genetic variants can influence the activity of phase 2 detoxification enzymes. For example, carriers of certain variations may have an increased tendency to accumulate toxins in the body or show a reduced detoxification capacity.

Nutrients such as B vitamins, vitamin C, vitamin E, magnesium, zinc and antioxidants support the liver during detoxification.

The three detox phases summarized

Phase 1 Detoxification: Substances that must be excreted are converted into a more easily degradable form.

Phase 2 detoxification: The metabolites from phase 1 are bound via the glutathione system and prepared for excretion.

Phase 3 detoxification: Fat-soluble substances are excreted via the liver and bile and water-soluble substances via the kidneys.

What Does Genetics Have to Do with It?